Hao Xin welding and cutting equipment
Teaching robot welding is called "teaching" and is an indispensable process when introducing robots. There are two kinds of teaching methods, namely "online teaching", that is, the method of running the robot to make it remember the action; and "offline teaching", that is, 3D data or actions generated by CAD, etc. are programmed into the program to make the robot remember the data.
Teaching is an important process to determine the action of the robot, but also very time-consuming. Therefore, online teaching with relatively few teaching hours has gradually become mainstream.
When online teaching, it is necessary to actually run the robot for welding, and the sensor detects its action. The movements detected by the sensor are recorded in the program. Welding by the robot is realized by playing (teaching playback) the recorded action.
Further, in the robot welding process, the non-contact sensor can be used as an eye of the robot to perform "simulation control of the welding line" or "measurement of the groove shape", thereby realizing automatic welding with higher accuracy.
A welding method in which light of a wavelength with good directivity and focusing is collected by a lens, and a laser with an extremely high energy density is used as a heat source. A narrow width of the blend weld relative to the depth can be achieved. These techniques, which utilize laser directivity and concentration, are also used for welding, sheet cutting, and machining in "Tail Welding (TB).
Laser welding can be divided into two categories according to the method of emitting a light source as energy. The "gas laser" emits laser light using a gas such as carbon dioxide (for example, carbon dioxide gas laser welding). The "solid laser" uses yttrium, aluminum and garnet and other ores to emit laser, such as YAG laser welding.
In "welding", "arc welding" is also a welding method widely used in various industrial fields.
There are more specific classifications according to characteristics, device structure, gas used, etc. Among them, "TIG welding", "MIG welding", "MAG welding", etc., gas shielded arc welding in which the welding part can be separated from the atmosphere by shielding gas is widely used because it is very suitable for automation.
Including gas shielded arc welding, "arc welding" can be roughly divided into welding rod (or welding wire) melting "electrode consumption type (melting pole type)" and "non-electrode consumption type (non-melting pole type)" two kinds.
According to the different joining methods, welding can be roughly divided into three categories.
"Welding" that melts the base material and the base material or melts and joins a welding rod (welding material) and the base material required for joining the base material; "crimping" that melts and joins the base material using mechanical friction, pressure, current, and the like; and "brazing" that uses the welding material (brazing material) required for joining at the joining portion to perform welding ".
At the same time, there are various welding methods for various joining methods, and an appropriate welding method may be used according to factors such as a base material to be joined and conditions.
The main methods of joining metals together include "mechanical bonding" and "metallurgical bonding". Mechanical joint, including "bolt joint", "riveting", "caulking", "hot sleeve", "insert" and so on, these joint methods are by means of the energy of the field of mechanics.
In contrast, metallurgical bonding is divided into "welding", "crimping", "brazing" and other methods, different bonding methods corresponding to the use of different energy.
In addition, there is a bonding method that belongs to chemical bonding and uses an adhesive.
Different bonding methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. To achieve effective bonding, it is necessary to select the appropriate bonding method according to different materials and bonding conditions.
To detect defects such as insufficient integration or poor fusion, internal cracking, etc., use ultrasound. In testing with ultrasound ("Ultrasonic Testing: UT"), an object called a probe is used. A vibrator is assembled inside the probe for emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. Put the probe on the welding part and emit ultrasonic waves, which will propagate to the inside of the welding part. If there is no hollow or foreign matter, the ultrasonic wave will be reflected (reverberated) at the bottom surface and return to the probe. If you encounter a hollow or foreign body in the middle, it will echo from the hollow or foreign body before reaching the bottom and return to the probe. This reverberation will be displayed graphically on the detector to measure the presence and location of defects.
Welding can be roughly divided into "welding", "crimping", "brazing" three, but they have more detailed classification. It is necessary to select the most suitable welding method according to the material of the base material to be welded and the function that the product needs to realize after welding.
On the basis of understanding the principles and characteristics of different welding methods, correct welding can achieve excellent quality, reliability and durability. In addition, in the introduction and use of automation of welding processes and robots by FA (factory automation), knowledge about various welding methods is also indispensable.
"TIG(Tungsten Inert Gas) welding" stands for "inert gas welding". This is a kind of arc welding that does not spatter sparks and supports the welding of various metals such as stainless steel, aluminum, and iron. Tungsten which is not consumed as a discharge electrode is used, and an inert gas such as argon or helium is used as a shielding gas. Arc is generated in inert gas, and the base metal is melted by arc heat for welding. Although the welding material is also used, since the welding part is surrounded by inert gas, the arc is also stable, and sputtering hardly occurs.
In the first edition of ISO9000 (1987 edition), welding is defined as a "special process". This is because it was very difficult to verify the quality conditions at that time. Later, the welding quality from the "materials, equipment and operator's qualifications", "operating conditions, operating steps and their management and testing methods", as well as safety measures and other "operating standards" and to achieve the standard required welding conditions, measuring instruments, inspection manuals, records and other aspects of management. The inspection of welding quality is very important, but it is not easy to make an accurate judgment. This is also confirmed by the various qualifications and conditions strictly stipulated for welding operators and equipment. In fact, in major accidents such as ships, bridges, infrastructure equipment, etc., it is often found that the cause is poor welding. Therefore, quality management must be strictly implemented and must not be relaxed. In modern times, with the development of sensors, high-precision cameras, laser displacement sensors and other technologies, management and detection technologies are becoming more and more developed. In addition to experience and knowledge, the key to the future of welding lies in how to use science and technology to reasonably carry out high-precision quality management.
The inspection of welding quality is very important, so we must strictly implement quality management, and we must not relax. The following describes the welding needs to achieve the quality requirements.
The general conditions for the quality requirements of "welded products" are as follows.
Correctly finished according to the design dimensions.
Have the required functionality and strength (or safety).
The appearance of the welded part meets the required grade.
Welding and Cutting Equipment
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